Storage

Available in Classic

In addition to the default storage of the server, you can add HDD or SSD storage to the server. You can delete or transfer added storages, or you can expand their capacity.

Check storage information

Describes the screen configuration of storage and how to view storage information.

Storage page

From NAVER Cloud Platform portal, click Console > Services > Compute > Server > Storage, in order, to view the Storage page.

The Storage page is laid out as follows:

Create storage

To add a storage to the server, you need to first create a storage on NAVER Cloud Platform console. The following describes how to create a storage on NAVER Cloud Platform console:

1. Click the environment you are using in the Region menu and the Platform menu on the NAVER Cloud Platform console.
2. Click Services > Compute > Server, in order.
3. Click the Storage menu.
4. Click the [Create storage] button.
5. On the Create storage pop-up, enter information and click the [Add] button.
   • Storage type: select the type you want according to the purpose of use
     • SSD: for high-performance I/O
     • HDD: for general services
   • Storage name: enter between 3-30 characters using English upper and lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens (-), and/or underscores (_). It must start with an English letter, and if the name is not entered, it is created automatically.
   • Zone: select the zone to place the storage
   • Select applied server: select the server you want to connect the storage to
   • Select snapshot: to create a storage using a snapshot you have, select the desired snapshot (see Create storage with snapshot)
   • Size: entered in the units of 10 GB within the scope guided on the screen
   • Max IOPS: check the maximum IOPS value
     • For SSD as the selected storage type: varies with the specified storage size (see Storage specifications)
     • For HDD as the selected storage type: fixed IOPS
6. Check the pop-up message and click the [OK] button.
   • The created storage is displayed on the storage list.
   • Once you create a storage and complete the tasks including disk partitioning, formatting, and mounting, you are ready to use the storage.
     • To use the storage, proceed with the Mounting storage (Linux) or Registering storage volume (Windows) tasks.

Using storage

To use an added storage, you need to mount the storage or register the storage to the server as a volume. The following describes how to mount the storage to the Linux server and how to register the storage volume to the Windows server.

Mounting storage (Linux)

To use the storage added to the server, you need to mount the storage to the server. To mount an added storage, proceed with the following steps in order:

• 1. Checking storage status
• 2. Partitioning disk
• 3. Formatting storage
• 4. Mounting storage
• 5. Maintaining mounting settings (fstab settings)

1. Checking storage status

The following describes how to connect to the server and check the storage status:

1. Connect to the Linux server on which to mount the added storage.
   • For more information on how to connect to the server, see Access Linux server.
2. Enter the su - command and enter the password one more time.
   • You are logged in with the root permission.
3. Enter the fdisk -l command to check that the /dev/xvdb disk has been added.

2. Partitioning disk

The following describes how to set disk partitioning:

1. Enter the fdisk /dev/xvdb command.
2. Enter n in the Command prompt.
3. To create a primary type partition, enter p. To create an extended type partition, enter e.
4. Enter a number and sector for the partition to create.
   • To mount the entire disk, enter the default values.
5. Enter w in the Command prompt.
   • The partition settings are applied.

3. Formatting storage

The following describes how to set the file system to the partition:
From the following commands, enter the applicable one for the image of the server to mount to format the partition.

• CentOS 7.x: mkfs.xfs /dev/xvdb1
• Ubuntu: mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1

4. Mounting storage

The following describes how to mount a storage:

1. Enter the mkdir /mnt/a command to create the directory.

   • The mount point /mnt/a is created.

2. Enter the mount /dev/xvdb1 /mnt/a command to connect the storage and the directory.

   • The storage is mounted on /mnt/a. You can now use the storage.

3. Enter the df -k command to check if the mount is completed properly.

   • The /dev/xvdb1 mount directory is displayed on the file system list.

   Filesystem      Inodes IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
   /dev/vda2      4718080 74947 4643133    2% /
   /dev/vda1       524288   333  523955    1% /boot
   /dev/xvdb1       49984     3   49981    1% /mnt/a
   

5. Maintaining mounting settings (fstab settings)

To maintain the mounting settings after the Linux server is booted, you need to change the volume settings in /etc/fstab. /etc/fstab is the path that stores the volume information to be mounted in the booting stage. The following describes how to change the volume settings to maintain the storage mounting information after booting:

1. Enter the following command to open the volume information configuration file.

   vi  /etc/fstab
   

2. See the following table to add the settings of the xvdb1 volume.

   • Example of volume information

     /dev/xvdb1      /mnt/a      ext4        defaults        1       2
     

     Column	Meaning	Description
     /dev/xvdb1	Volume name	Displays the name of the volume
     /mnt/a	Mount point	Location where the volume is to be mounted
     ext4	File system type	ext4: Ubuntu xfs: CentOS 7.x
     defaults	Option	defaults: option with all the properties of auto, rw, nouser, exec, and suid options auto: mount automatically when booting noauto: do not automatically mount upon booting rw: mount with read and write support ro: mount as read only nouser: permits mounting for root account only user: permits mounting for root and regular accounts exec: permits file execution suid: permits SetUID and SetGID nofail: option to continue the booting process without pause even when the file system for mounting is unavailable for use
     1	Dump settings	0: file system where dump does not occur 1: file system where dump is available
     2	fsck settings	0: fsck is not run upon booting 1: checks by prioritizing the root file system upon booting 2: checks by prioritizing file system other than root upon booting

3. Enter the :wq command to end the editor.

Unmounting storage (Linux)

The following describes how to unmount the storage mounted on the Linux server:

1. Connect to the Linux server from which to unmount the storage.
   • For more information on how to connect to the server, see Access Linux server.
2. Enter the umount /mnt/a command.
   • The storage mounted on /mnt/a is unmounted.

Registering storage volume (Windows)

To use an added storage, you need to register the storage as a volume to the Windows server. To register an added storage as a volume, proceed with the following steps in order:

• 1. Reset disk
• 2. Create and format volume

1. Reset disk

The following describes how to reset a disk:

1. Connect to the Windows server to which to register the added storage as a volume.
   • For more information on how to connect to the server, see Access Windows server.
2. Click and then click the Windows Administrative Tools > Computer Management > Disk Management menus, in order.
   • Alternatively, you can enter diskmgmt.msc on the Run command window.
3. On the Reset disk pop-up, select the disk to add, select Mater Boot Record (MBR), and click [OK].
   • The disk is reset.
   • If no pop-up appears, find the disk indicated as Not Initialized on the disk list, right-click on the disk name, and click Initialize Disk.

2. Create and format volume

The following describes how to create and format the storage volume to the server:

1. On the disk list, find the disk indicated as Unallocated, right-click on the disk name, and click New Simple Volume.
2. Click the [Next] button.
3. Enter the volume size and click the [Next] button.
4. Select the drive letter to allocate and click the [Next] button.
5. Set the partition format and click the [Next] button.
6. Check the settings and click the [Finish] button.
   • Once formatting is completed and the disk status shows normal, the storage is ready for use.

Unmounting storage volume (Windows)

The following describes how to disconnect the registered storage volume on the Windows server:

1. Connect to the Windows server.
   • For more information on how to connect to the server, see Access Windows server.
2. Click and then click the Windows Administrative Tools > Computer Management > Disk Management menus, in order.
   • Alternatively, you can enter diskmgmt.msc on the Run command window.
3. On the list that appears, find the partition to expand, right-click on the partition name, and click Offline.
   • The disk is disconnected from the server, and the partition status shows Offline.

Connecting to server

The following describes how to connect a storage to the server:

1. Click the environment you are using in the Region menu and the Platform menu on the NAVER Cloud Platform console.
2. Click Services > Compute > Server, in order.
3. Click the Storage menu.
4. On the storage list, select the storage to connect to the server, and click [Connect to server].
   • Only storages with the Available status can be connected to a server.
5. From the Select applied server on the pop-up window, select the server to connect, and then click the [Yes] button.
   • The storage is connected to the selected server. To use the storage, proceed with the Mounting storage (Linux) or Registering storage volume (Windows) tasks.

Disconnecting from server

You can relocate a storage by disconnecting it from the current server and connecting it to a different server. The following describes how to disconnect a storage from the server:

1. Unmount the storage volume from the server.

   • For more information on how to unmount a storage volume, see the following:
     • Linux server: Unmounting storage (Linux)
     • Windows server: Unmounting storage volume (Windows)
   Note

   In the case of a storage connected to the Linux server, delete the mounting information of the storage from /etc/fstab of the connected server after unmounting the storage.

2. Click the environment you are using in the Region menu and the Platform menu on the NAVER Cloud Platform console.

3. Click Services > Compute > Server, in order.

4. Click the Storage menu.

5. On the storage list, select the storage to disconnect from the server, and click [Disconnect from server].

6. Check the details in the confirmation pop-up window and click the [Yes] button.

   • The storage is disconnected from the server, and the storage status shows Available.

Change storage size

You can expand the size of a storage in use. It is applied when you expand the storage size and change the partition and the file system according to the server system on NAVER Cloud Platform console.

Expanding storage

The following describes how to expand the storage size on NAVER Cloud Platform console:

1. Click the environment you are using in the Region menu and the Platform menu on the NAVER Cloud Platform console.
2. Click Services > Compute > Server, in order.
3. Click the Storage menu.
4. From the storage list, select the storage to expand, and click [Storage settings] > Change storage, in order.
5. Enter the new size in the Storage size item on the Change storage pop-up window, and then click the [OK] button.
   • The storage size is changed. To use the changed storage, proceed with expanding partition and file system (Linux/Windows).

Expanding partition and file system (Linux)

The following describes how to expand the partition and the file system on the Linux server: The following is an example for /dev/xvdb1 storage.

1. Connect to the Linux server.

   • For more information on how to connect to the server, see Access Linux server.

2. Enter the su - command and enter the password one more time.

   • You are logged in with the root permission.

3. Enter the lsblk command to check the status of /dev/xvdb1 storage.

   • If you are unable to see the status of storage /dev/xvdb1 after executing the command, check if the storage is connected to the server.

4. Enter the following command to unmount the /dev/xvdb1 storage.

   • Although the growpart command can be run without unmounting the storage as preparation for running the growpart command, it is best to unmount the storage or back up the snapshot first to prevent data loss.

   umount /dev/xvdb1
   

5. Enter the growpart command to expand the partition.

   • Unmount the storage or back up the snapshot first to prevent data loss due to using the growpart command.
   • There is a blank between the storage name and the partition number due to the growpart [스토리지] [파티션 번호] command, so be careful when entering.

   growpart /dev/xvdb 1
   

   Note

   If the growpart command is not properly executed, enter the following command to install the right package for the operating system.

   • CentOS 7.x

     yum install cloud-utils-growpart
     

   • Ubuntu 18.04

     apt-get update
     
     apt-get install cloud-guest-utils
     

6. Enter the lsblk command to check the status of partition expansion.

7. Enter the following command to check the file system status of the partition.

   e2fsck -f /dev/xvdb1
   

8. From the following commands, enter the applicable one for the file system in use to mount the file system and expand its size.

   • ext4

     mount /dev/xvdb1 /data
     
     resize2fs /dev/xvdb1
     

   • xfs

     mount /dev/xvdb1 /data
     
     xfs_growfs /dev/xvdb1
     

9. Enter the df -h command to check if the expansion and the mount are completed properly.

Expanding partition and file system (Windows)

The following describes how to expand the partition and file system from the Windows server:

1. Connect to the Windows server.
   • For more information on how to connect to the server, see Access Windows server.
2. Click and then click the Windows Administrative Tools > Computer Management > Disk Management menus, in order.
   • Alternatively, you can enter diskmgmt.msc on the Run command window.
3. On the list that appears, find the partition to expand, right-click on the partition name, and click Extend Volume.
   • If the storage size has been successfully expanded on the console, the applicable disk shows the added size as Unallocated along with the expandable partition.
4. Click the [Next] button.
5. Enter the space to expand and click the [Next] button.
6. Check the settings and click the [Finish] button.
   • The disk volume is expanded.

Create snapshot with storage

You can create the snapshot of the current status of the storage in use. For more information about how to create a snapshot, see Create snapshot.

Deleting storage

The following describes how to delete an added storage:

1. Click the environment you are using in the Region menu and the Platform menu on the NAVER Cloud Platform console.
2. Click Services > Compute > Server, in order.
3. Click the Storage menu.
4. On the storage list, select the storage to delete, and click [Delete storage].
5. Check the details in the confirmation pop-up window and click the [Yes] button.
   • The storage is terminated and deleted from the list.