Storage

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Available in Classic

In addition to the default storage of the server, you can add HDD or SSD storage to the server. You can delete or transfer added storages, or you can expand their capacity.

Note
  • For micro servers and bare metal servers, you cannot add storages.
  • You can add up to 15 storages of 2 TB in maximum size per server. Since a created server comes with 1 default storage, up to 16 additional storages can be used on a single server.
Caution

Data accidentally deleted by your carelessness cannot be restored. To prevent data loss and protect important information, backup the storage data regularly.

Check storage information

Describes the screen configuration of storage and how to view storage information.

Storage page

From NAVER Cloud Platform portal, click Console > i_menu > Services > Compute > Server > Storage, in order, to view the Storage page.

The Storage page is laid out as follows:

server-storage-classic_screen_ko

Field Description
① Menu name Name of the menu currently being checked and the number of created storages
② Basic features Functions displayed when entering the Storage menu for the first time
  • [Create storage] button: click it to create a new storage
  • [Learn more about the products] button: click it to move to the Block Storage introduction page
  • [Download] button: click it to download the storage list as an Excel file
  • [Refresh] button: click it to refresh the page
③ Post-creation features Features provided after creating the storage
④ Search window Searches the created storage by server name, storage name, and connection information conditions
⑤ Filter Filters the storage to be displayed
⑥ Storage list List of created storages
  • Storage name (Instance ID): name of the default storage automatically entered or name of the added storage you entered yourself. Instance ID is an ID automatically given.
  • Type/storage type: type of the storage. HDD or SSD.
  • Size: size of the storage. Click i-storage_sizeresize the storage.
  • IOPS: processing speed of the storage. The rules provided vary depending on the Storage specifications.
  • Status: current status of the storage
    • Creating: status in which the storage is being created with the information you enter
    • Available: status in which the created storage can be connected to the server
    • In use: status in which the server connected to the server is in use
    • Removing: status in which the connection between the storage and the server is being removed
    • Terminating: status in which the storage is being terminated
    • Replicating: status in which the storage is currently being replicated by running Create snapshot
  • Removable: whether the storage can be removed from the server. Only the added storage to the server is displayed as Applicable.
  • Creation date and time: date and time when the storage is created
  • Connection information: name of the server where the storage is connected and the disk name
  • ZONE: zone where the storage is deployed
  • Resizability: whether the storage capacity can be changed. Default storage is displayed as Not applicable.

Create storage

To add a storage to the server, you need to first create a storage on NAVER Cloud Platform console. The following describes how to create a storage on NAVER Cloud Platform console:

  1. In the Classic environment of the NAVER Cloud Platform console, navigate to i_menu > Services > Compute > Server.
  2. Click the Storage menu.
  3. Click the [Create storage] button.
  4. On the Create storage pop-up, enter information and click the [Add] button.
    • Storage type: select the type you want according to the purpose of use
      • SSD: for high-performance I/O
      • HDD: for general services
    • Storage name: enter between 3-30 characters using English upper and lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens (-), and/or underscores (_). It must start with an English letter, and if the name is not entered, it is created automatically.
    • Zone: select the zone to place the storage
    • Select applied server: select the server you want to connect the storage to
    • Select snapshot: to create a storage using a snapshot you have, select the desired snapshot (see Create storage with snapshot)
    • Size: entered in the units of 10 GB within the scope guided on the screen
    • Max IOPS: check the maximum IOPS value
      • For SSD as the selected storage type: varies with the specified storage size (see Storage specifications)
      • For HDD as the selected storage type: fixed IOPS
  5. Check the pop-up message and click the [OK] button.
    • The created storage is displayed on the storage list.
    • Once you create a storage and complete the tasks including disk partitioning, formatting, and mounting, you are ready to use the storage.

Using storage

To use an added storage, you need to mount the storage or register the storage to the server as a volume. The following describes how to mount the storage to the Linux server and how to register the storage volume to the Windows server.

Mounting storage (Linux)

To use the storage added to the server, you need to mount the storage to the server. To mount an added storage, proceed with the following steps in order:

Note

You can see the disk name in Connection information in Storage details. The following assumes that the disk name is /dev/xvdb.

1. Checking storage status

The following describes how to connect to the server and check the storage status:

  1. Connect to the Linux server on which to mount the added storage.
  2. Enter the su - command and enter the password one more time.
    • You are logged in with the root permission.
  3. Enter the fdisk -l command to check that the /dev/xvdb disk has been added.

2. Partitioning disk

The following describes how to set disk partitioning:

  1. Enter the fdisk /dev/xvdb command.
  2. Enter n in the Command prompt.
  3. To create a primary type partition, enter p. To create an extended type partition, enter e.
  4. Enter a number and sector for the partition to create.
    • To mount the entire disk, enter the default values.
  5. Enter w in the Command prompt.
    • The partition settings are applied.

3. Formatting storage

The following describes how to set the file system to the partition:
From the following commands, enter the applicable one for the image of the server to mount to format the partition.

  • CentOS 7.x: mkfs.xfs /dev/xvdb1
  • Ubuntu: mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1

4. Mounting storage

The following describes how to mount a storage:

  1. Enter the mkdir /mnt/a command to create the directory.

    • The mount point /mnt/a is created.

  2. Enter the mount /dev/xvdb1 /mnt/a command to connect the storage and the directory.

    • The storage is mounted on /mnt/a. You can now use the storage.

  3. Enter the df -k command to check if the mount is completed properly.

    • The /dev/xvdb1 mount directory is displayed on the file system list.
    Filesystem      Inodes IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/vda2      4718080 74947 4643133    2% /
/dev/vda1       524288   333  523955    1% /boot
/dev/xvdb1       49984     3   49981    1% /mnt/a

5. Maintaining mounting settings (fstab settings)

To maintain the mounting settings after the Linux server is booted, you need to change the volume settings in /etc/fstab. /etc/fstab is the path that stores the volume information to be mounted in the booting stage. The following describes how to change the volume settings to maintain the storage mounting information after booting:

Note

The following is an example for the xvdb1 volume, and it also explains how to change other volume settings.

  1. Enter the following command to open the volume information configuration file.

    vi  /etc/fstab

  2. See the following table to add the settings of the xvdb1 volume.

    • Example of volume information

      /dev/xvdb1      /mnt/a      ext4        defaults        1       2
      Column Meaning Description
      /dev/xvdb1 Volume name Displays the name of the volume
      /mnt/a Mount point Location where the volume is to be mounted
      ext4 File system type
      • ext4: Ubuntu
      • xfs: CentOS 7.x
      defaults Option
      • defaults: option with all the properties of auto, rw, nouser, exec, and suid options
      • auto: mount automatically when booting
      • noauto: do not automatically mount upon booting
      • rw: mount with read and write support
      • ro: mount as read only
      • nouser: permits mounting for root account only
      • user: permits mounting for root and regular accounts
      • exec: permits file execution
      • suid: permits SetUID and SetGID
      • nofail: option to continue the booting process without pause even when the file system for mounting is unavailable for use
      1 Dump settings
      • 0: file system where dump does not occur
      • 1: file system where dump is available
      2 fsck settings
      • 0: fsck is not run upon booting
      • 1: checks by prioritizing the root file system upon booting
      • 2: checks by prioritizing file system other than root upon booting

  3. Enter the :wq command to end the editor.

Note

If the nofail option exists, the storage is booted properly even when the following errors occur:

  • When the mounting information is wrong, such as unnecessary quotation marks in UUID or mistyping of "default"
  • When no file system exists for mounting or the file system is damaged

Unmounting storage (Linux)

The following describes how to unmount the storage mounted on the Linux server:

  1. Connect to the Linux server from which to unmount the storage.
  2. Enter the umount /mnt/a command.
    • The storage mounted on /mnt/a is unmounted.
Note

If unmounting does not proceed properly, you need to check and end the processes running in certain files, file systems, ports, and so on by using the force unmount commands or the fuser command.

  • Force unmount commands
    • umount -l /mnt/a
    • umount -f /mnt/a
  • How to use the fuser command
    1. Use fuser -cu /mnt/a to check the user or the process using the directory
    2. Use fuser -ck /mnt/a to force-end the process
    3. Use umount /mnt/a to perform unmounting

Registering storage volume (Windows)

To use an added storage, you need to register the storage as a volume to the Windows server. To register an added storage as a volume, proceed with the following steps in order:

1. Reset disk

The following describes how to reset a disk:

  1. Connect to the Windows server to which to register the added storage as a volume.
  2. Click i-server_window_start and then click the Windows Administrative Tools > Computer Management > Disk Management menus, in order.
    • Alternatively, you can enter diskmgmt.msc on the Run command window.
  3. On the Reset disk pop-up, select the disk to add, select Mater Boot Record (MBR), and click [OK].
    • The disk is reset.
    • If no pop-up appears, find the disk indicated as Not Initialized on the disk list, right-click on the disk name, and click Initialize Disk.

2. Create and format volume

The following describes how to create and format the storage volume to the server:

  1. On the disk list, find the disk indicated as Unallocated, right-click on the disk name, and click New Simple Volume.
  2. Click the [Next] button.
  3. Enter the volume size and click the [Next] button.
  4. Select the drive letter to allocate and click the [Next] button.
  5. Set the partition format and click the [Next] button.
  6. Check the settings and click the [Finish] button.
    • Once formatting is completed and the disk status shows normal, the storage is ready for use.
Note

To check if volume registration has succeeded, open File Explorer, click This PC, and check the hard disk drive list.

Unmounting storage volume (Windows)

The following describes how to disconnect the registered storage volume on the Windows server:

  1. Connect to the Windows server.
  2. Click i-server_window_start and then click the Windows Administrative Tools > Computer Management > Disk Management menus, in order.
    • Alternatively, you can enter diskmgmt.msc on the Run command window.
  3. On the list that appears, find the partition to expand, right-click on the partition name, and click Offline.
    • The disk is disconnected from the server, and the partition status shows Offline.

Connecting to server

The following describes how to connect a storage to the server:

  1. In the Classic environment of the NAVER Cloud Platform console, navigate to i_menu > Services > Compute > Server.
  2. Click the Storage menu.
  3. On the storage list, select the storage to connect to the server, and click [Connect to server].
    • Only storages with the Available status can be connected to a server.
  4. From the Select applied server on the pop-up window, select the server to connect, and then click the [Yes] button.

Disconnecting from server

You can relocate a storage by disconnecting it from the current server and connecting it to a different server. The following describes how to disconnect a storage from the server:

  1. Unmount the storage volume from the server.

    Note

    In the case of a storage connected to the Linux server, delete the mounting information of the storage from /etc/fstab of the connected server after unmounting the storage.

  2. In the Classic environment of the NAVER Cloud Platform console, navigate to i_menu > Services > Compute > Server.

  3. Click the Storage menu.

  4. On the storage list, select the storage to disconnect from the server, and click [Disconnect from server].

  5. Check the details in the confirmation pop-up window and click the [Yes] button.

    • The storage is disconnected from the server, and the storage status shows Available.
Note
  • The default storage made when the server is created cannot be disconnected.
  • If the connection stays on and you see a Try again pop-up on the Windows server, do the following:
    1. Enter diskmgmt.msc in the Run window and click the [OK] button.
    2. Find the disk to delete, right-click on the disk name, and click Properties.
    3. In the Properties pop-up window, check the Target Id displayed in Location.
    4. Enter devmgmt.msc in the Run window and click the [OK] button.
    5. On the disk drive list, find the disk with the same Target Id.
      • You can check the Target Id on the Properties pop-up. To open the Properties pop-up, find the disk, right-click on the disk name, and click Properties.
    6. Click and hold on the disk name and then right-click on the mouse. Click Uninstall device.
    7. After 20-30 seconds, try disconnecting the storage from server again on NAVER Cloud Platform console.
  • If the problem persists, it means that the OS is unable to disengage the disk properly. In this case, stop or restart the server.

Change storage size

You can expand the size of a storage in use. It is applied when you expand the storage size and change the partition and the file system according to the server system on NAVER Cloud Platform console.

Caution

When you change the partition and the file system after expanding the size of a storage, data loss in the storage may occur. To prevent data loss, create a snapshot before you expand the size of a storage. For more information about how to create a snapshot, see Create snapshot.

Note
  • You can't change the size of the storage that is connected to a server in operation. Stop the server that the storage is connected to or remove the storage before expanding.
  • Storage size can only be expanded and cannot be reduced.
  • For SSD, expanding the disk size also changes the IOPS value proportionally.
  • Standard and high-memory servers allow storage size to be changed. Whether to expand the storage varies depending on the type of the connected server or the type of the storage. To check whether to expand the storage, see Resizability in Storage details.

Expanding storage

The following describes how to expand the storage size on NAVER Cloud Platform console:

  1. In the Classic environment of the NAVER Cloud Platform console, navigate to i_menu > Services > Compute > Server.
  2. Click the Storage menu.
  3. From the storage list, select the storage to expand, and click [Storage settings] > Change storage, in order.
  4. Enter the new size in the Storage size item on the Change storage pop-up window, and then click the [OK] button.
    • The storage size is changed. To use the changed storage, proceed with expanding partition and file system (Linux/Windows).

Expanding partition and file system (Linux)

The following describes how to expand the partition and the file system on the Linux server: The following is an example for /dev/xvdb1 storage.

  1. Connect to the Linux server.

  2. Enter the su - command and enter the password one more time.

    • You are logged in with the root permission.

  3. Enter the lsblk command to check the status of /dev/xvdb1 storage.

    • If you are unable to see the status of storage /dev/xvdb1 after executing the command, check if the storage is connected to the server.

  4. Enter the following command to unmount the /dev/xvdb1 storage.

    • Although the growpart command can be run without unmounting the storage as preparation for running the growpart command, it is best to unmount the storage or back up the snapshot first to prevent data loss.
    umount /dev/xvdb1

  5. Enter the growpart command to expand the partition.

    • Unmount the storage or back up the snapshot first to prevent data loss due to using the growpart command.
    • There is a blank between the storage name and the partition number due to the growpart [스토리지] [파티션 번호] command, so be careful when entering.
    growpart /dev/xvdb 1
    Note

    If the growpart command is not properly executed, enter the following command to install the right package for the operating system.

    • CentOS 7.x
      yum install cloud-utils-growpart
    • Ubuntu 18.04
      apt-get update

apt-get install cloud-guest-utils

  6. Enter the lsblk command to check the status of partition expansion.

  7. Enter the following command to check the file system status of the partition.

    e2fsck -f /dev/xvdb1

  8. From the following commands, enter the applicable one for the file system in use to mount the file system and expand its size.

    • ext4
      mount /dev/xvdb1 /data

resize2fs /dev/xvdb1
    • xfs
      mount /dev/xvdb1 /data

xfs_growfs /dev/xvdb1

  9. Enter the df -h command to check if the expansion and the mount are completed properly.

Expanding partition and file system (Windows)

The following describes how to expand the partition and file system from the Windows server:

  1. Connect to the Windows server.
  2. Click i-server_window_start and then click the Windows Administrative Tools > Computer Management > Disk Management menus, in order.
    • Alternatively, you can enter diskmgmt.msc on the Run command window.
  3. On the list that appears, find the partition to expand, right-click on the partition name, and click Extend Volume.
    • If the storage size has been successfully expanded on the console, the applicable disk shows the added size as Unallocated along with the expandable partition.
  4. Click the [Next] button.
  5. Enter the space to expand and click the [Next] button.
  6. Check the settings and click the [Finish] button.
    • The disk volume is expanded.

Create snapshot with storage

You can create the snapshot of the current status of the storage in use. For more information about how to create a snapshot, see Create snapshot.

Deleting storage

The following describes how to delete an added storage:

Caution

Deleting a storage also deletes the data inside the storage, and deleted data cannot be restored. Before deleting a storage, be sure to check the data inside.

Note
  • The default storage made when the server is created cannot be deleted.
  • Storages connected to a server cannot be deleted. To delete a storage, disconnect it from the server first.
  1. In the Classic environment of the NAVER Cloud Platform console, navigate to i_menu > Services > Compute > Server.
  2. Click the Storage menu.
  3. On the storage list, select the storage to delete, and click [Delete storage].
  4. Check the details in the confirmation pop-up window and click the [Yes] button.
    • The storage is terminated and deleted from the list.
Note

In the case of a storage connected to the Linux server, delete the mounting information from /etc/fstab of the server after deleting the storage on the console.