Using Tibero

Available in Classic and VPC

Before use

Q. What is Tibero?

• Tibero is provided as a server-hosted DBMS with a differentiated architecture and various features.
• It supports an efficient architecture that considers not only core business but also analytical tasks.
• It excels in large-scale operating environments by covering security, performance, compatibility, and scalability.

Q. What are the characteristics of Tibero?

• The next-generation architecture can significantly enhance productivity through maximizing business efficiency. A simplified and renewed DB server architecture and preventive measures have been implemented for stable and efficient management.
• It provides stronger security than before, perfectly protecting the precious data assets of businesses (including row-level access rights in tables (by user), detailed logging, protection against external manipulation of encrypted data, support for domestic and international encryption algorithms).

Q. How do I create a Tibero server?

• You can select the Tibero server image from the Compute > Server on the console to create it.
• You can create a server of the desired specifications and add storage as needed.
• It is billed on a monthly or hourly basis, and after you create the server, you can set up the access environment to use it.
• To use the Tibero web service, apply for a public IP address and add the Server Port in the ACG settings. (The port can be changed.)
• You can easily create a server through the following steps after accessing the console.

Q. I cannot access the Tibero service.

• To use the Tibero Web service, you must apply for a public IP address and assign it to the server, and the Web Server Port must be added to the ACG.
• If you still can't access it after checking the public IP address and ACG, your web server process might be stopped. Execute the restart command in the terminal to restart the process.

Create a Tibero server

The following explains the process of creating and accessing a Tibero server.

• See Server creation guide.

Step 1. Access the console

1. Access the console and go to Services > Compute > Server.

2. To create a server, click the [Create server] button.

Step 2. Select server image

Create a server by selecting the Tibero server image.

1. Select each of the image type DBMS and DBMS image type Tibero.

2. Click the [Next] button on the right side of the desired OS Version of Tibero.

Step 3. Set up server

Select storage type, server type, pricing plan, zone, and enter the server name.

1. Select zone.

• NAVER Cloud Platform services are only provided in the Korea Regions (KR-1, KR-2).

2. Select the storage type to be used as boot storage.

3. Select the server type.

• The minimum recommended specifications for using Tibero are 2vCPU 8 GB, but if you change the memory specifications of the VM, you must access the server and proceed with additional memory settings. (Using specifications below the minimum recommended specification may trigger a warning message, but the message imposes no restrictions on service use.)
• Some server specifications may not be supported depending on the boot disk type.
• Select one of the server types based on the usage capacity.

4. You can choose between a monthly or hourly pricing plan.

5. Enter the server name.

• You cannot use duplicate names for the purpose of distinguishing servers.

6. Click the [Next] button.

Step 4. Set authentication key

In the authentication key setting step, you can create a new authentication key or use the existing authentication key as it is.

1. For first-time users, select to create a new authentication key and enter the authentication key name.

2. Click Create and save authentication key and save the downloaded authentication key file (.pem) in a safe location.

• Get a new authentication key issued.
• After saving it, please keep the authentication key in a safe location on your PC.
• The authentication key is used to get the initial admin password.

3. Click the [Next] button.

Step 5. Set ACG

You can set up a firewall by using the existing ACG or creating a new ACG.

• See ACG user guide.

Use the existing ACG

To set up a firewall using the existing ACG, follow these steps:

1. You must select an ACG, and select one from your available ACGs, including the default ncloud-default-acg provided.

• For the existing ACGs, you can select up to 5.
• You must select ACG to activate the [Next] button and proceed with the settings.

2. If you want to set up by creating a new ACG other than the existing ACG, select Create new ACG.

3. Click the [Next] button.

Create new ACG

To set up a firewall by creating a new ACG, follow these steps:

1. Click [Create ACG] in Create new ACG.

2. Enter the ACG name.

3. In ACG Settings, enter the protocol, access source, and allowed port, then create.

• Protocol: select from TCP, UDP, ICMP
• Access source: enter IP address or ACG name
• Allowed port: designate a single port or range
• For terminal access, the ACG of the server you want to access must have a rule set for SSH TCP/22. To add a rule, enter the protocol, access source, and allowed port, and click the [Add] button.

4. When all service ports have been added, click the [Create] button.

Step 6. Final check

Do a final confirmation of the settings.

1. Check if the server image, server, authentication key, and ACG are set up correctly.

2. After the final check, click the [Server Create] button.

• It takes several minutes or longer for the server to be created.

Check in the server list

Check the created server in the list.

1. The created server is displayed in the list.

2. Wait until the server is created, Tibero installation is complete, and the server status changes to Running.

Set access environment

Request a public IP address

To use Tibero, you must access using a public IP address, and a separate fee is charged for using a public IP address.

• See Public IP user guide.

1. Go to the Server > Public IP.

2. To be assigned a public IP address, click the [Request Public IP] button.

3. In the Select applied server, select the Tibero server to which you want to assign a public IP address.

4. Click the [Next] button.

5. Check the name of the applied server and click the [Create] button again.

Set port forwarding (only for Classic environment)

To access the server with a terminal program (such as PuTTY), you must set up port forwarding.

• See Port forwarding guide.

1. Go to the Server > Server.

2. Select the server and select the [Set port forwarding] button at the top.

3. In the port forwarding settings screen, set the external port number.

• The input range for the external port number is 1024-65,534, and it cannot be used for service purposes other than server access. (The internal port number is set to 22.)

4. Click the [Add] button to add the settings to the bottom of the screen, and you can edit or delete them by clicking the [Edit] or [Delete] button.

5. Click the [Apply] button to use the terminal program for SSH access through the set external port.

Create ACG

Add terminal access SSH (TCP/22) and Tibero service (TCP/UDP settings) rules to the ACG.

If you have already added rules when creating a server, you do not need to perform this step of ACG setup.

1. Go to the Server > ACG.

2. Click the [Create ACG] button at the top.

3. Enter the ACG name.

4. Once the settings are complete, click the [Next] button.

Set ACG

1. Select the ACG you created.

2. Click the [Set ACG] button at the top.

3. In the ACG rule settings, enter the protocol, access source, and allowed port, then create.

• Protocol: select from TCP, UDP, ICMP
• Access source: enter IP address or ACG name
• Allowed port: designate a single port or range
• For terminal access, the ACG of the server you want to access must have a rule set for SSH TCP/22.
• To add a rule, enter the protocol, access source, allowed port, and click the [Add] button.

4. Once the settings are complete, click the [Apply] button.

Get the server administrator's password

To access the server with a terminal program (such as PuTTY), you must get the administrator password.

1. Go to the Server > Server.

2. Select the server and select Get admin password in [Manage servers and change settings].

3. When creating a server, attach the authentication key file (.pem) saved on your personal PC.

4. After you attach the file, click the [Get password] button to get the password for the initial server access through the terminal program.

• After you access the server, it is recommended to change the password to something memorable for the administrator.

Add storage (CentOS 7.3, CentOS 7.8 version Tibero 6.0, Rocky Linux version Tibero 7.0)

1. Select the Server menu and select the Tibero Server to which you want to add storage.

2. Select [Create storage] and set the storage type as SSD and size as a minimum of 150 GB. (Using HDD storage may result in errors during the service installation process.)

• If you have previously created a storage snapshot, you can select the snapshot, but the size of the snapshot must also be at least 150 GB.

• After the storage settings and dbca execution are completed, LVM is automatically set without mounting and formatting. Thus, you must not perform any mounting or formatting.

Terminal access

You can manage the Tibero process by accessing the server using a terminal program (such as PuTTY).

Accessing the server with a terminal program

1. Run a terminal program (such as PuTTY).

2. Enter the "Public IP for server access" and "external port" values confirmed from the server list or view content, and click the [Open] button to access the server.

• Checking the public IP for server access: check the value of the public IP for server access in the port forwarding information from the detailed information after selecting the server from the Server > Server on the console
• Checking the external port number: check the value of the external port in the port forwarding information from the detailed information after selecting the server from the Server > Server on the console

3. Enter user information and password to log in.

• login as: root
• password: administrator password confirmed earlier

4. After you log in, it is recommended to change the root account password to something memorable.
   Enter the passwd root command and then enter a new password.

Checking storage information (CentOS 7.3, CentOS 7.8 version Tibero 6.0, Rocky Linux version Tibero 7.0)

After server connection, execute the following command to check if the disk capacity is allocated correctly to at least 150 GB.

fdisk -l

Tibero architecture

The process of Tibero is largely composed of three parts.

• Listener
• Worker Process or Foreground Process
• Background Process

A brief explanation is as follows, and for a detailed description, see Tibero online manual.

① Listener

• Listeners receive new connection requests from clients and assign them to idle worker processes. In other words, they play a relay role between the client and the worker process and use a separate executable file, tblistener, for this task.

② Worker Process

• The worker process communicates with the client and processes user requests. The number of these processes is adjusted with the WTHR_PROC_CNT initialization parameter and cannot be changed after Tibero is started. Thus, you must set an appropriate value considering the system environment.

③ Background Process

• The background process is an independent process that does not receive client connection requests but operates either upon requests from worker threads or other background processes, or according to a predetermined schedule, primarily handling time-consuming disk tasks.

• Examples include the Monitoring Process (MPROC), Tibero Manager Process (TBMP), Agent Process (AGNT), and Database Writer Process (DBWR).

Deploying Tibero (CentOS 7.3, CentOS 7.8 version Tibero 6.0, Rocky Linux version Tibero 7.0)

For CentOS 7.3 and CentOS 7.8 versions of Tibero, dbca must be correctly installed for use. Follow the following guide to install it.

1. After server connection, gain root permissions and check the dbca execution file.

     ~#  sudo su -l 
     ls -l

2. Run the following command with root permissions.

• To set argument values, see the following items. For the Characterset, once a database has been created, it cannot be changed.
• CentOS 7.3, CentOS 7.8 version Tibero 6.0

./dbca naver tibero utf8 8629

• Rocky Linux version Tibero 7.0 Cloud Standard Edition

./dbca tibero tibero utf8 SE 8629

• Rocky Linux version Tibero 7.0 Cloud Enterprise Edition

./dbca tibero tibero utf8 CE 8629

./dbca [OS_ACCOUNT] [DB_NAME] [DB_CHARACTERSET] [DB_PORT]

Database creation takes about 10 minutes. (This may vary depending on server resources.) If you cancel dbca during its run, you cannot reverse the action and must reconfigure with a new server.

Tibero Installation completed (CentOS 7.3, CentOS 7.8 version Tibero 6.0, Rocky Linux version Tibero 7.0)

1. After the installation is complete, the following page appears.

2. Check the process through the following command to confirm that Tibero is running properly.

$ ps -ef | grep tbsvr

Check Installation logs

$ vi /root/.dbset.log

Check Tibero information and installation
You can check the Tibero installation information by logging into the created OS account.

Check LVM settings

$ df -hT

How to access Tibero

• Connect with tbSQL [account name]/[password] to check the instance.
• The default accounts for Tibero are as follows:

• SYS: performs administrative tasks for the database.
• SYSCAT: creates data dictionary and catalog view.
• OUTLN: stores hints to ensure the same SQL can always be performed with the same plan.
• SYSGIS: account that creates GIS-related tables and performs related tasks.
• TIBERO/TIBERO1: example user with DBA permissions.

How to set Tibero memory according to server resource changes

(1). su - tibero
(2). tbdown
(3). vi $TB_HOME/config/$TB_SID.tip or tbcfgv
#----------------------------------------------
# Memory & Session
#----------------------------------------------
TOTAL_SHM_SIZE=2G
MEMORY_TARGET=4G
MAX_SESSION_COUNT=100
:wq
(4). tbboot

If you change the server memory, you must reset the memory of Tibero. For Tibero memory settings, change the following three values.

TOTAL_SHM_SIZE=2G ← ② Tibero Shared Memory, typically about 60% of MEMORY_TARGET

MEMORY_TARGET=4G ← ① Total memory used by Tibero

MAX_SESSION_COUNT=100 (integer value) ← ③ ( [MEMORY_TARGET] - [TOTAL_SHM_SIZE] ) * 1024 / 15

Starting and stopping Tibero (Ubuntu 16.04)

Only the database administrator (Tibero) can start and stop Tibero.

• If you are connecting to the server for the first time, you must set the password for the Tibero account for the database to start properly.
  Proceed in the following order.

  1. After connecting to the server, gain root permissions

 ~#  sudo su -l 

2. Set the password for the Tibero account

 ~# passwd tibero

3. Run the following command with root permissions.
   ~# su - tibero -c "bash /home/tibero/Install/tb_install.sh"
   

   If the installation is completed successfully, the following message is displayed.
   

• Start Tibero using the tbboot command. For detailed options, see Tibero online manual.

• Stop Tibero using the tbdown command. For detailed options, see Tibero online manual.

Check Tibero status

• Check Tibero process

ps -ef | grep tibero

• Check Tibero service

su - tibero 실행 후 ./db_chk.sh 실행

Accessing the database using the tbSQL utility

Access the database using the tbsql command. You can access by entering the ID and password of the database user together as follows:

tbsql sys/tibero

For connections through the listener, enter @을 after the database user ID and password, and then enter the alias specified in the tbdsn.tbr file.

tbsql sys/tibero@tibero

Checking internal error

You can check the internal error. After accessing the DB terminal, perform a log pattern search from the OS account that starts Tibero as follows:

• Log pattern: internal Error with condition

grep -i "Internal Error" /dblog/$TB_SID/slog/sys.log

Important notes for Tibero 7.0 users

• How to change terminal settings

1. In the .bash_profile file of the DB OS User, comment out the stty option as follows

#stty erase ^H

2. Run the following command as the root user

stty erase ^?

Relevant resources

For more information on the software used in NAVER Cloud Platform Tibero, see the following web pages.

• Tmax Data official website
• Tibero online manual
• Tmax Soft Technet